תרגול שאלות פתוחות

האם להציג את ההוראות בכל שאלה או בחומרי עזר?

הוראות כלליות

In the exercise before you, there are four reading passages and questions related to them. Read the passages and answer the questions according to the method you learned in class: identifying what the question asks, locating the relevant information in the text, and formulating the answer.

Good luck!

בתרגול שלפניכם ארבעה קטעי קריאה ושאלות העוסקות בהם. קראו את הקטעים וענו על השאלות לפי שיטת העבודה שלמדתם בשיעור: זיהוי המידע המתבקש בשאלה, איתור המידע הרלוונטי בטקסט, וניסוח התשובה.

בהצלחה!

Text 1

The Invention of Paper

I–
Before paper was invented, people wrote on many different things. They used clay, stone, and even wood. However, these materials were heavy and hard to carry. About 2,000 years ago, a man named Cai Lun in China created a new material. He mixed tree bark and old rags with water. This mixture became the first type of paper. It was light and easy to use.

II –
For a long time, only people in China knew how to make paper. They kept it a secret because it was very valuable. Slowly, the secret moved to other parts of the world. First, it reached the Arab world, and later it came to Europe. Today, we use paper for books, money, and packaging. It changed the way people share information forever.

Text 2 

The Importance of Water

I- 
Water is essential for life, as every part of the human body needs it to work correctly. For example, water helps the blood carry nutrients to all the organs. In addition, it helps the body maintain a normal temperature. When it is hot outside, we sweat in order to cool down. However, sweating also causes the body to lose water. Therefore, it is important to drink enough liquid to replace what we lose.

II-
Despite its importance, many people do not drink enough water during the day. Instead, they often choose sugary drinks like soda or juice. Although these drinks may seem refreshing, they contain a lot of sugar, which is not healthy. For this reason, doctors suggest that adults should drink about eight glasses of water every day. However, this amount can change depending on the weather and how active a person is.

III- 
In addition to these physical benefits, drinking water has other advantages as well. It can help people think more clearly and feel more energetic. When the body is dehydrated, a person might feel tired or suffer from headaches. In many cases, a simple glass of water can solve these problems. As a result, water is the best and most natural way to stay healthy.

Text 3 

The History of Clocks

I –
Measuring (1) time has always been important to humans. In ancient times, people used the sun to tell the time. They built sundials (2), which used shadows to show the time of day. However, sundials had a big problem. They could not work at night or when the sky was cloudy. People needed a better way to know what time it was.

II –
Later, people invented water clocks and sand clocks (3). These were better because they could work indoors and at night. A sand clock, for example, measures a specific amount of time as sand falls from the top glass to the bottom glass. These clocks were useful for short activities, but they were not very accurate for measuring a whole day.

III –
The first mechanical clocks appeared in Europe around the year 1300. These large machines were placed in tall towers in the center of towns. They did not have hands (4) like modern clocks. Instead, they used bells to ring the hours so everyone could hear them. Over hundreds of years, clocks became smaller and more precise. Today, we have clocks everywhere, even on our ovens and walls.

Glossary:

1. measuring – מדידה
2. sundials – שעוני שמש
3. sand clock – שעון חול 
4. hands – (מחוגים (בהקשר הזה

Text 4

The Spice(1) Trade (2)

I –
Thousands of years ago, spices were some of the most expensive items in the world. Spices like pepper, cinnamon, and cloves grew only in specific countries in Asia. People in Europe wanted these spices very much. They used them to make their food taste better and to preserve (3) meat for the winter. Because spices were so rare and hard to get, they were often worth more than gold.

II –
Bringing spices to Europe was a long and dangerous journey. Merchants (4) had to travel across deserts and seas. They faced storms and other dangers along the way. This difficult journey is one reason why the prices were so high. For many years, merchants from Arab countries controlled the spice trade because of their knowledge and experience in long-distance trade. They kept the routes (5) secret so no one else could find the source of the spices.

III –
In the 15th century, European sailors and traders decided to find their own sea routes to the spice countries. They built strong ships and sailed (6) long distances across the oceans. European sailors such as Vasco da Gama sailed around Africa to reach India. As a result, new sea routes were created, and spices became more common and less expensive.

IV- 
Today, we can buy spices in any supermarket for a low price. We use them every day without thinking about their history. However, in the past, the desire for these small ingredients (7) caused wars and encouraged people to explore the world. The history of spices is actually the history of global trade.

Glossary:

1. spices – תבלינים
2. trade – מסחר
3. preserve – לשמר 
4. merchants – סוחרים
5. route – נתיב מסחר
6. to sail – להפליג
7. ingredient – מרכיב