תרגול מבני השוואה – חלק א 2

החלק הבא כולל מספר משפטים. לאחר כל אחד מהם, מופיעות 4 אפשרויות לניסוח מחדש של הרעיון המרכזי של המשפט במילים אחרות. בכל משפט, בחרו את הניסוח המחודש, המעביר בצורה המדויקת ביותר את הרעיון המרכזי של המשפט המקורי.

This exercise consists of several sentences, each followed by four possible ways of restating the main idea of that sentence in different words. For each sentence, choose the one restatement which best expresses the meaning of the original sentence.

1. Ethiopia is the leading producer of coffee in the world.

החלק הבא כולל מספר משפטים. לאחר כל אחד מהם, מופיעות 4 אפשרויות לניסוח מחדש של הרעיון המרכזי של המשפט במילים אחרות. בכל משפט, בחרו את הניסוח המחודש, המעביר בצורה המדויקת ביותר את הרעיון המרכזי של המשפט המקורי.

This exercise consists of several sentences, each followed by four possible ways of restating the main idea of that sentence in different words. For each sentence, choose the one restatement which best expresses the meaning of the original sentence.

2. Across Japan, trains run much more smoothly than in the Middle East, because the technology, scheduling, and advanced infrastructure allow for an efficient service without major problems.

החלק הבא כולל מספר משפטים. לאחר כל אחד מהם, מופיעות 4 אפשרויות לניסוח מחדש של הרעיון המרכזי של המשפט במילים אחרות. בכל משפט, בחרו את הניסוח המחודש, המעביר בצורה המדויקת ביותר את הרעיון המרכזי של המשפט המקורי.

This exercise consists of several sentences, each followed by four possible ways of restating the main idea of that sentence in different words. For each sentence, choose the one restatement which best expresses the meaning of the original sentence.

3.  In 1818, King Charles IV of Spain was forced to abdicate in favor of his son Ferdinand VII as a result of the uprising against him that happened in Aranjuez.

החלק הבא כולל מספר משפטים. לאחר כל אחד מהם, מופיעות 4 אפשרויות לניסוח מחדש של הרעיון המרכזי של המשפט במילים אחרות. בכל משפט, בחרו את הניסוח המחודש, המעביר בצורה המדויקת ביותר את הרעיון המרכזי של המשפט המקורי.

This exercise consists of several sentences, each followed by four possible ways of restating the main idea of that sentence in different words. For each sentence, choose the one restatement which best expresses the meaning of the original sentence.

4.  At outdoor festivals, musicians play much louder than in other venues, because acoustics, terrain conditions and large crowds hinder the sound of the music.

החלק הבא כולל מספר משפטים. לאחר כל אחד מהם, מופיעות 4 אפשרויות לניסוח מחדש של הרעיון המרכזי של המשפט במילים אחרות. בכל משפט, בחרו את הניסוח המחודש, המעביר בצורה המדויקת ביותר את הרעיון המרכזי של המשפט המקורי.

This exercise consists of several sentences, each followed by four possible ways of restating the main idea of that sentence in different words. For each sentence, choose the one restatement which best expresses the meaning of the original sentence.

5. The general belief that polar bears are white is a mistake, as their skin is actually black.

החלק הבא כולל מספר משפטים. לאחר כל אחד מהם, מופיעות 4 אפשרויות לניסוח מחדש של הרעיון המרכזי של המשפט במילים אחרות. בכל משפט, בחרו את הניסוח המחודש, המעביר בצורה המדויקת ביותר את הרעיון המרכזי של המשפט המקורי.

This exercise consists of several sentences, each followed by four possible ways of restating the main idea of that sentence in different words. For each sentence, choose the one restatement which best expresses the meaning of the original sentence.

6. Although Jerusalem is the largest city in terms of population, Tel Aviv is the center of commerce and business in Israel.

החלק הבא כולל מספר משפטים. לאחר כל אחד מהם, מופיעות 4 אפשרויות לניסוח מחדש של הרעיון המרכזי של המשפט במילים אחרות. בכל משפט, בחרו את הניסוח המחודש, המעביר בצורה המדויקת ביותר את הרעיון המרכזי של המשפט המקורי.

This exercise consists of several sentences, each followed by four possible ways of restating the main idea of that sentence in different words. For each sentence, choose the one restatement which best expresses the meaning of the original sentence.

7. The generally held assumption that car accidents occur more on highways is a misconception, as the statistics show they occur more in urban areas.

החלק הבא כולל מספר משפטים. לאחר כל אחד מהם, מופיעות 4 אפשרויות לניסוח מחדש של הרעיון המרכזי של המשפט במילים אחרות. בכל משפט, בחרו את הניסוח המחודש, המעביר בצורה המדויקת ביותר את הרעיון המרכזי של המשפט המקורי.

This exercise consists of several sentences, each followed by four possible ways of restating the main idea of that sentence in different words. For each sentence, choose the one restatement which best expresses the meaning of the original sentence.

8. The USA joined the Second World War only after being attacked in Pearl Harbor in 1941.

החלק הבא כולל מספר משפטים. לאחר כל אחד מהם, מופיעות 4 אפשרויות לניסוח מחדש של הרעיון המרכזי של המשפט במילים אחרות. בכל משפט, בחרו את הניסוח המחודש, המעביר בצורה המדויקת ביותר את הרעיון המרכזי של המשפט המקורי.

This exercise consists of several sentences, each followed by four possible ways of restating the main idea of that sentence in different words. For each sentence, choose the one restatement which best expresses the meaning of the original sentence.

9. The American astronauts were the first to walk on the moon, whilst the Russian cosmonauts were the first to get to space.

החלק הבא כולל מספר משפטים. לאחר כל אחד מהם, מופיעות 4 אפשרויות לניסוח מחדש של הרעיון המרכזי של המשפט במילים אחרות. בכל משפט, בחרו את הניסוח המחודש, המעביר בצורה המדויקת ביותר את הרעיון המרכזי של המשפט המקורי.

This exercise consists of several sentences, each followed by four possible ways of restating the main idea of that sentence in different words. For each sentence, choose the one restatement which best expresses the meaning of the original sentence.

10. Russia and the Ukraine are the leading producers and exporters of wheat worldwide.

החלק הבא כולל קטע קריאה, ואחריו שאלות הקשורות אליו. בכל שאלה, בחרו את התשובה מתאימה ביותר בהתבסס על קטע הקריאה.

This part consists of a reading passage, followed by several related question. For each question, choose the most appropriate answer based on the text.

Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants and certain other organisms transform light energy into chemical energy. During photosynthesis in green plants, light energy is captured and used to convert water, carbon dioxide, and minerals into oxygen and energy-rich organic compounds.

It would be impossible to overestimate the importance of photosynthesis in the maintenance of life on Earth. If photosynthesis ceased, there would soon be little food or other organic matter on Earth. Most organisms would disappear, and in time Earth’s atmosphere would become nearly devoid of gaseous oxygen. The only organisms able to exist under such conditions would be the chemosynthetic bacteria, which can utilize the chemical energy of certain inorganic compounds and thus are not dependent on the conversion of light energy.

Energy produced by photosynthesis carried out by plants millions of years ago is responsible for the fossil fuels (i.e., coal, oil, and gas) that power industrial society. In past ages, green plants and small organisms that fed on plants increased faster than they were consumed, and their remains were deposited in Earth’s crust by sedimentation and other geological processes. There, protected from oxidation, these organic remains were slowly converted to fossil fuels. These fuels not only provide much of the energy used in factories, homes, and transportation but also serve as the raw material for plastics and other synthetic products. 

Unfortunately, modern civilization is using up in a few centuries the excess of photosynthetic production accumulated over millions of years. Consequently, the carbon dioxide that has been removed from the air to make carbohydrates in photosynthesis over millions of years is being returned at an incredibly rapid rate. The carbon dioxide concentration in Earth’s atmosphere is rising the fastest it ever has in Earth’s history, and this phenomenon is expected to have major implications on Earth’s climate.

Requirements for food, materials, and energy in a world where human population is rapidly growing have created a need to increase both the amount of photosynthesis and the efficiency of converting photosynthetic output into products useful to people.

1. According to the first paragraph, during photosynthesis-

החלק הבא כולל קטע קריאה, ואחריו שאלות הקשורות אליו. בכל שאלה, בחרו את התשובה מתאימה ביותר בהתבסס על קטע הקריאה.

This part consists of a reading passage, followed by several related question. For each question, choose the most appropriate answer based on the text.

Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants and certain other organisms transform light energy into chemical energy. During photosynthesis in green plants, light energy is captured and used to convert water, carbon dioxide, and minerals into oxygen and energy-rich organic compounds.

It would be impossible to overestimate the importance of photosynthesis in the maintenance of life on Earth. If photosynthesis ceased, there would soon be little food or other organic matter on Earth. Most organisms would disappear, and in time Earth’s atmosphere would become nearly devoid of gaseous oxygen. The only organisms able to exist under such conditions would be the chemosynthetic bacteria, which can utilize the chemical energy of certain inorganic compounds and thus are not dependent on the conversion of light energy.

Energy produced by photosynthesis carried out by plants millions of years ago is responsible for the fossil fuels (i.e., coal, oil, and gas) that power industrial society. In past ages, green plants and small organisms that fed on plants increased faster than they were consumed, and their remains were deposited in Earth’s crust by sedimentation and other geological processes. There, protected from oxidation, these organic remains were slowly converted to fossil fuels. These fuels not only provide much of the energy used in factories, homes, and transportation but also serve as the raw material for plastics and other synthetic products. 

Unfortunately, modern civilization is using up in a few centuries the excess of photosynthetic production accumulated over millions of years. Consequently, the carbon dioxide that has been removed from the air to make carbohydrates in photosynthesis over millions of years is being returned at an incredibly rapid rate. The carbon dioxide concentration in Earth’s atmosphere is rising the fastest it ever has in Earth’s history, and this phenomenon is expected to have major implications on Earth’s climate.

Requirements for food, materials, and energy in a world where human population is rapidly growing have created a need to increase both the amount of photosynthesis and the efficiency of converting photosynthetic output into products useful to people.

2. What is the main purpose of the second paragraph?

החלק הבא כולל קטע קריאה, ואחריו שאלות הקשורות אליו. בכל שאלה, בחרו את התשובה מתאימה ביותר בהתבסס על קטע הקריאה.

This part consists of a reading passage, followed by several related question. For each question, choose the most appropriate answer based on the text.

Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants and certain other organisms transform light energy into chemical energy. During photosynthesis in green plants, light energy is captured and used to convert water, carbon dioxide, and minerals into oxygen and energy-rich organic compounds.

It would be impossible to overestimate the importance of photosynthesis in the maintenance of life on Earth. If photosynthesis ceased, there would soon be little food or other organic matter on Earth. Most organisms would disappear, and in time Earth’s atmosphere would become nearly devoid of gaseous oxygen. The only organisms able to exist under such conditions would be the chemosynthetic bacteria, which can utilize the chemical energy of certain inorganic compounds and thus are not dependent on the conversion of light energy.

Energy produced by photosynthesis carried out by plants millions of years ago is responsible for the fossil fuels (i.e., coal, oil, and gas) that power industrial society. In past ages, green plants and small organisms that fed on plants increased faster than they were consumed, and their remains were deposited in Earth’s crust by sedimentation and other geological processes. There, protected from oxidation, these organic remains were slowly converted to fossil fuels. These fuels not only provide much of the energy used in factories, homes, and transportation but also serve as the raw material for plastics and other synthetic products. 

Unfortunately, modern civilization is using up in a few centuries the excess of photosynthetic production accumulated over millions of years. Consequently, the carbon dioxide that has been removed from the air to make carbohydrates in photosynthesis over millions of years is being returned at an incredibly rapid rate. The carbon dioxide concentration in Earth’s atmosphere is rising the fastest it ever has in Earth’s history, and this phenomenon is expected to have major implications on Earth’s climate.

Requirements for food, materials, and energy in a world where human population is rapidly growing have created a need to increase both the amount of photosynthesis and the efficiency of converting photosynthetic output into products useful to people.

3. Plastics and other synthetic products are mentioned in line 18 to-

החלק הבא כולל קטע קריאה, ואחריו שאלות הקשורות אליו. בכל שאלה, בחרו את התשובה מתאימה ביותר בהתבסס על קטע הקריאה.

This part consists of a reading passage, followed by several related question. For each question, choose the most appropriate answer based on the text.

Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants and certain other organisms transform light energy into chemical energy. During photosynthesis in green plants, light energy is captured and used to convert water, carbon dioxide, and minerals into oxygen and energy-rich organic compounds.

It would be impossible to overestimate the importance of photosynthesis in the maintenance of life on Earth. If photosynthesis ceased, there would soon be little food or other organic matter on Earth. Most organisms would disappear, and in time Earth’s atmosphere would become nearly devoid of gaseous oxygen. The only organisms able to exist under such conditions would be the chemosynthetic bacteria, which can utilize the chemical energy of certain inorganic compounds and thus are not dependent on the conversion of light energy.

Energy produced by photosynthesis carried out by plants millions of years ago is responsible for the fossil fuels (i.e., coal, oil, and gas) that power industrial society. In past ages, green plants and small organisms that fed on plants increased faster than they were consumed, and their remains were deposited in Earth’s crust by sedimentation and other geological processes. There, protected from oxidation, these organic remains were slowly converted to fossil fuels. These fuels not only provide much of the energy used in factories, homes, and transportation but also serve as the raw material for plastics and other synthetic products. 

Unfortunately, modern civilization is using up in a few centuries the excess of photosynthetic production accumulated over millions of years. Consequently, the carbon dioxide that has been removed from the air to make carbohydrates in photosynthesis over millions of years is being returned at an incredibly rapid rate. The carbon dioxide concentration in Earth’s atmosphere is rising the fastest it ever has in Earth’s history, and this phenomenon is expected to have major implications on Earth’s climate.

Requirements for food, materials, and energy in a world where human population is rapidly growing have created a need to increase both the amount of photosynthesis and the efficiency of converting photosynthetic output into products useful to people.

4. According to the fourth paragraph, modern civilization is-

החלק הבא כולל קטע קריאה, ואחריו שאלות הקשורות אליו. בכל שאלה, בחרו את התשובה מתאימה ביותר בהתבסס על קטע הקריאה.

This part consists of a reading passage, followed by several related question. For each question, choose the most appropriate answer based on the text.

Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants and certain other organisms transform light energy into chemical energy. During photosynthesis in green plants, light energy is captured and used to convert water, carbon dioxide, and minerals into oxygen and energy-rich organic compounds.

It would be impossible to overestimate the importance of photosynthesis in the maintenance of life on Earth. If photosynthesis ceased, there would soon be little food or other organic matter on Earth. Most organisms would disappear, and in time Earth’s atmosphere would become nearly devoid of gaseous oxygen. The only organisms able to exist under such conditions would be the chemosynthetic bacteria, which can utilize the chemical energy of certain inorganic compounds and thus are not dependent on the conversion of light energy.

Energy produced by photosynthesis carried out by plants millions of years ago is responsible for the fossil fuels (i.e., coal, oil, and gas) that power industrial society. In past ages, green plants and small organisms that fed on plants increased faster than they were consumed, and their remains were deposited in Earth’s crust by sedimentation and other geological processes. There, protected from oxidation, these organic remains were slowly converted to fossil fuels. These fuels not only provide much of the energy used in factories, homes, and transportation but also serve as the raw material for plastics and other synthetic products. 

Unfortunately, modern civilization is using up in a few centuries the excess of photosynthetic production accumulated over millions of years. Consequently, the carbon dioxide that has been removed from the air to make carbohydrates in photosynthesis over millions of years is being returned at an incredibly rapid rate. The carbon dioxide concentration in Earth’s atmosphere is rising the fastest it ever has in Earth’s history, and this phenomenon is expected to have major implications on Earth’s climate.

Requirements for food, materials, and energy in a world where human population is rapidly growing have created a need to increase both the amount of photosynthesis and the efficiency of converting photosynthetic output into products useful to people.

5. What is the “need” (line 26) that is mentioned in the text?