| האשמה | allegation |
| שאיפה | ambition |
| הגעה | arrival |
| בסיס | basis |
| מוזר | bizarre |
| תחתית | bottom |
| חסר זהירות | careless |
| מטען | cargo |
| עמוק | deep |
| לדחות, לעכב | defer |
| עשוי | done |
| כל אחד | each |
| מספיק | enough |
| מלא | full |
| סכנה | jeopardy |
| נחהב | keen |
| מקורב | kindred |
| תווית | label |
| רפוי | lax |
| דואר, שריון | |
| ציפורן | nail |
| מקצוע | occupation |
| עמוד | page |
| כמות | quantity |
| מריבה | quarrel |
| זעם | rage |
| מהיר | rapid |
| דברן | talkative |
| לא מסוגל | unable |
| לאחד | unite |
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Leonardo da Vinci was motivated by his unlimited desire for knowledge. This guided all his thinking and behavior. As an artist and a thinker, he was highly visual. He considered sight to be the highest of the senses. To him every phenomenon perceived became an object of knowledge. Leonardo applied his rigorous sight and creativity to numerous fields, including painting, architecture, and engineering and to the study of human anatomy.
Leonardo’s early anatomical studies were thorough in their consideration of parts of the body as well as how those parts worked together. He was especially interested in the brain, heart, and lungs. His anatomical drawings, which are among the most significant of the Renaissance, are helpful in studying aspects of the human body while tracing how all parts of the body act in concert.
Leonardo, however, did not consider himself an expert in the field of anatomy. In fact, he did not publish his findings publicly during his life. For him, the study of the human body helped him to refine his notions of art as well as his notions of science. His anatomical considerations formed, in effect, the foundation of his orientation with how human figures interact with the world. This in turn informed his painting, making it all the more realistic in its expressiveness.
Leonardo’s interest in science did not stop with anatomy. He studied hydraulic engineering. He even sketched a flying machine with wings and a “helical airscrew” that almost seems a prototype for the modern helicopter. Leonardo’s voluminous notebooks also contain a treatise on the science of painting, a treatise on architecture, and a book on the elements of mechanics. To these were added notes on his studies of botany, geology, aerology, and hydrology.
One interesting aspect of his notebooks is his use of mirror writing, or putting words down on paper in such a way that they can be read normally only when the page is held up to a mirror. The reason for his mirror writing is uncertain because Leonardo did not intend to keep his notebooks a secret. Exactly how many notebooks he composed is unknown. In all, 31 have been preserved.
1. What is the purpose of the first paragraph?
Leonardo da Vinci was motivated by his unlimited desire for knowledge. This guided all his thinking and behavior. As an artist and a thinker, he was highly visual. He considered sight to be the highest of the senses. To him every phenomenon perceived became an object of knowledge. Leonardo applied his rigorous sight and creativity to numerous fields, including painting, architecture, and engineering and to the study of human anatomy.
Leonardo’s early anatomical studies were thorough in their consideration of parts of the body as well as how those parts worked together. He was especially interested in the brain, heart, and lungs. His anatomical drawings, which are among the most significant of the Renaissance, are helpful in studying aspects of the human body while tracing how all parts of the body act in concert.
Leonardo, however, did not consider himself an expert in the field of anatomy. In fact, he did not publish his findings publicly during his life. For him, the study of the human body helped him to refine his notions of art as well as his notions of science. His anatomical considerations formed, in effect, the foundation of his orientation with how human figures interact with the world. This in turn informed his painting, making it all the more realistic in its expressiveness.
Leonardo’s interest in science did not stop with anatomy. He studied hydraulic engineering. He even sketched a flying machine with wings and a “helical airscrew” that almost seems a prototype for the modern helicopter. Leonardo’s voluminous notebooks also contain a treatise on the science of painting, a treatise on architecture, and a book on the elements of mechanics. To these were added notes on his studies of botany, geology, aerology, and hydrology.
One interesting aspect of his notebooks is his use of mirror writing, or putting words down on paper in such a way that they can be read normally only when the page is held up to a mirror. The reason for his mirror writing is uncertain because Leonardo did not intend to keep his notebooks a secret. Exactly how many notebooks he composed is unknown. In all, 31 have been preserved.
2. In the second paragraph, the writer mentions the brain, heart, and lungs as-
Leonardo da Vinci was motivated by his unlimited desire for knowledge. This guided all his thinking and behavior. As an artist and a thinker, he was highly visual. He considered sight to be the highest of the senses. To him every phenomenon perceived became an object of knowledge. Leonardo applied his rigorous sight and creativity to numerous fields, including painting, architecture, and engineering and to the study of human anatomy.
Leonardo’s early anatomical studies were thorough in their consideration of parts of the body as well as how those parts worked together. He was especially interested in the brain, heart, and lungs. His anatomical drawings, which are among the most significant of the Renaissance, are helpful in studying aspects of the human body while tracing how all parts of the body act in concert.
Leonardo, however, did not consider himself an expert in the field of anatomy. In fact, he did not publish his findings publicly during his life. For him, the study of the human body helped him to refine his notions of art as well as his notions of science. His anatomical considerations formed, in effect, the foundation of his orientation with how human figures interact with the world. This in turn informed his painting, making it all the more realistic in its expressiveness.
Leonardo’s interest in science did not stop with anatomy. He studied hydraulic engineering. He even sketched a flying machine with wings and a “helical airscrew” that almost seems a prototype for the modern helicopter. Leonardo’s voluminous notebooks also contain a treatise on the science of painting, a treatise on architecture, and a book on the elements of mechanics. To these were added notes on his studies of botany, geology, aerology, and hydrology.
One interesting aspect of his notebooks is his use of mirror writing, or putting words down on paper in such a way that they can be read normally only when the page is held up to a mirror. The reason for his mirror writing is uncertain because Leonardo did not intend to keep his notebooks a secret. Exactly how many notebooks he composed is unknown. In all, 31 have been preserved.
3. According to the third paragraph, why did Leonardo study the human body?
Leonardo da Vinci was motivated by his unlimited desire for knowledge. This guided all his thinking and behavior. As an artist and a thinker, he was highly visual. He considered sight to be the highest of the senses. To him every phenomenon perceived became an object of knowledge. Leonardo applied his rigorous sight and creativity to numerous fields, including painting, architecture, and engineering and to the study of human anatomy.
Leonardo’s early anatomical studies were thorough in their consideration of parts of the body as well as how those parts worked together. He was especially interested in the brain, heart, and lungs. His anatomical drawings, which are among the most significant of the Renaissance, are helpful in studying aspects of the human body while tracing how all parts of the body act in concert.
Leonardo, however, did not consider himself an expert in the field of anatomy. In fact, he did not publish his findings publicly during his life. For him, the study of the human body helped him to refine his notions of art as well as his notions of science. His anatomical considerations formed, in effect, the foundation of his orientation with how human figures interact with the world. This in turn informed his painting, making it all the more realistic in its expressiveness.
Leonardo’s interest in science did not stop with anatomy. He studied hydraulic engineering. He even sketched a flying machine with wings and a “helical airscrew” that almost seems a prototype for the modern helicopter. Leonardo’s voluminous notebooks also contain a treatise on the science of painting, a treatise on architecture, and a book on the elements of mechanics. To these were added notes on his studies of botany, geology, aerology, and hydrology.
One interesting aspect of his notebooks is his use of mirror writing, or putting words down on paper in such a way that they can be read normally only when the page is held up to a mirror. The reason for his mirror writing is uncertain because Leonardo did not intend to keep his notebooks a secret. Exactly how many notebooks he composed is unknown. In all, 31 have been preserved.
4. In the fourth paragraph, botany, geology, aerology, and hydrology are mentioned as-
Leonardo da Vinci was motivated by his unlimited desire for knowledge. This guided all his thinking and behavior. As an artist and a thinker, he was highly visual. He considered sight to be the highest of the senses. To him every phenomenon perceived became an object of knowledge. Leonardo applied his rigorous sight and creativity to numerous fields, including painting, architecture, and engineering and to the study of human anatomy.
Leonardo’s early anatomical studies were thorough in their consideration of parts of the body as well as how those parts worked together. He was especially interested in the brain, heart, and lungs. His anatomical drawings, which are among the most significant of the Renaissance, are helpful in studying aspects of the human body while tracing how all parts of the body act in concert.
Leonardo, however, did not consider himself an expert in the field of anatomy. In fact, he did not publish his findings publicly during his life. For him, the study of the human body helped him to refine his notions of art as well as his notions of science. His anatomical considerations formed, in effect, the foundation of his orientation with how human figures interact with the world. This in turn informed his painting, making it all the more realistic in its expressiveness.
Leonardo’s interest in science did not stop with anatomy. He studied hydraulic engineering. He even sketched a flying machine with wings and a “helical airscrew” that almost seems a prototype for the modern helicopter. Leonardo’s voluminous notebooks also contain a treatise on the science of painting, a treatise on architecture, and a book on the elements of mechanics. To these were added notes on his studies of botany, geology, aerology, and hydrology.
One interesting aspect of his notebooks is his use of mirror writing, or putting words down on paper in such a way that they can be read normally only when the page is held up to a mirror. The reason for his mirror writing is uncertain because Leonardo did not intend to keep his notebooks a secret. Exactly how many notebooks he composed is unknown. In all, 31 have been preserved.
5. According to the last paragraph, why is it interesting that Leonardo da Vinci used mirror writing in his notebooks?
Leonardo da Vinci was motivated by his unlimited desire for knowledge. This guided all his thinking and behavior. As an artist and a thinker, he was highly visual. He considered sight to be the highest of the senses. To him every phenomenon perceived became an object of knowledge. Leonardo applied his rigorous sight and creativity to numerous fields, including painting, architecture, and engineering and to the study of human anatomy.
Leonardo’s early anatomical studies were thorough in their consideration of parts of the body as well as how those parts worked together. He was especially interested in the brain, heart, and lungs. His anatomical drawings, which are among the most significant of the Renaissance, are helpful in studying aspects of the human body while tracing how all parts of the body act in concert.
Leonardo, however, did not consider himself an expert in the field of anatomy. In fact, he did not publish his findings publicly during his life. For him, the study of the human body helped him to refine his notions of art as well as his notions of science. His anatomical considerations formed, in effect, the foundation of his orientation with how human figures interact with the world. This in turn informed his painting, making it all the more realistic in its expressiveness.
Leonardo’s interest in science did not stop with anatomy. He studied hydraulic engineering. He even sketched a flying machine with wings and a “helical airscrew” that almost seems a prototype for the modern helicopter. Leonardo’s voluminous notebooks also contain a treatise on the science of painting, a treatise on architecture, and a book on the elements of mechanics. To these were added notes on his studies of botany, geology, aerology, and hydrology.
One interesting aspect of his notebooks is his use of mirror writing, or putting words down on paper in such a way that they can be read normally only when the page is held up to a mirror. The reason for his mirror writing is uncertain because Leonardo did not intend to keep his notebooks a secret. Exactly how many notebooks he composed is unknown. In all, 31 have been preserved.
6. This passage teaches us about-
כל המידע לרבות שם המשתמש לא יהיה גלוי ללומדים האחרים למעט צוותי ההוראה.