תרגול ניסוח מחדש חלק ג 2

החלק הבא כולל קטע קריאה, ואחריו שאלות הקשורות אליו. בכל שאלה, בחרו את התשובה מתאימה ביותר בהתבסס על קטע הקריאה. 

This part consists of a reading passage, followed by several related question. For each question, choose the most appropriate answer based on the text.

Exxon Valdez oil spill is a massive oil spill that occurred on March 24, 1989, in Prince William Sound, an inlet in the Gulf of Alaska, Alaska, U.S. The incident happened after an Exxon Corporation tanker, the Exxon Valdez, ran aground on Bligh Reef during a voyage from Valdez, Alaska, to California.

Delayed efforts to contain the spill and naturally strong winds and waves dispersed nearly 41,640 kilolitres of North Slope crude oil across the sound. The spill eventually polluted 2,092 kilometres of indented shoreline, as well as adjacent waters, as far south as the southern end of Shelikof Strait between Kodiak Island and the Alaska Peninsula. Alaska Senator Ted Stevens emerged as a strong proponent of securing federal funds to pay for the damage. Thousands of workers and volunteers helped to clean up after the oil spill, and Exxon provided $2.1 billion in funding. Despite these cleanup efforts, the spill exterminated much native wildlife, including salmon, herring, sea otters, bald eagles, and killer whales.

The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) eventually assigned most of the blame for the oil spill to Exxon, citing its incompetent and overworked crew. The board also faulted the U.S. Coast Guard for an inadequate system of traffic regulation. After evidence suggested that Joseph J. Hazelwood, the ship’s captain, had been drinking before the accident, Exxon terminated his employment. In 1990 the U.S. Congress passed the Oil Pollution Act in direct response to the Exxon Valdez accident. Among other measures, the act created procedures for responding to future oil spills, established the legal liabilities of responsible parties, and set a schedule for banning single-hulled tankers from U.S. waters by 2015.

The ship Exxon Valdez itself was repaired and returned to service but was legally prohibited by a clause in the Oil Pollution Act from ever reentering Prince William Sound. Recommissioned the Exxon Mediterranean, it worked the Mediterranean Sea until single-hulled vessels were banned from European waters. In 2008 it was converted by a Hong Kong company to an ore carrier, and in 2012, under the name Oriental Nicety, it was sold for scrapping in Alang, India.

1.  According to the first paragraph, what is the Exxon Valdez oil spill?

החלק הבא כולל קטע קריאה, ואחריו שאלות הקשורות אליו. בכל שאלה, בחרו את התשובה מתאימה ביותר בהתבסס על קטע הקריאה. 

This part consists of a reading passage, followed by several related question. For each question, choose the most appropriate answer based on the text.

Exxon Valdez oil spill is a massive oil spill that occurred on March 24, 1989, in Prince William Sound, an inlet in the Gulf of Alaska, Alaska, U.S. The incident happened after an Exxon Corporation tanker, the Exxon Valdez, ran aground on Bligh Reef during a voyage from Valdez, Alaska, to California.

Delayed efforts to contain the spill and naturally strong winds and waves dispersed nearly 41,640 kilolitres of North Slope crude oil across the sound. The spill eventually polluted 2,092 kilometres of indented shoreline, as well as adjacent waters, as far south as the southern end of Shelikof Strait between Kodiak Island and the Alaska Peninsula. Alaska Senator Ted Stevens emerged as a strong proponent of securing federal funds to pay for the damage. Thousands of workers and volunteers helped to clean up after the oil spill, and Exxon provided $2.1 billion in funding. Despite these cleanup efforts, the spill exterminated much native wildlife, including salmon, herring, sea otters, bald eagles, and killer whales.

The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) eventually assigned most of the blame for the oil spill to Exxon, citing its incompetent and overworked crew. The board also faulted the U.S. Coast Guard for an inadequate system of traffic regulation. After evidence suggested that Joseph J. Hazelwood, the ship’s captain, had been drinking before the accident, Exxon terminated his employment. In 1990 the U.S. Congress passed the Oil Pollution Act in direct response to the Exxon Valdez accident. Among other measures, the act created procedures for responding to future oil spills, established the legal liabilities of responsible parties, and set a schedule for banning single-hulled tankers from U.S. waters by 2015.

The ship Exxon Valdez itself was repaired and returned to service but was legally prohibited by a clause in the Oil Pollution Act from ever reentering Prince William Sound. Recommissioned the Exxon Mediterranean, it worked the Mediterranean Sea until single-hulled vessels were banned from European waters. In 2008 it was converted by a Hong Kong company to an ore carrier, and in 2012, under the name Oriental Nicety, it was sold for scrapping in Alang, India.

2.  Why were the delayed efforts and naturally strong winds and waves disastrous according to the second paragraph?

החלק הבא כולל קטע קריאה, ואחריו שאלות הקשורות אליו. בכל שאלה, בחרו את התשובה מתאימה ביותר בהתבסס על קטע הקריאה. 

This part consists of a reading passage, followed by several related question. For each question, choose the most appropriate answer based on the text.

Exxon Valdez oil spill is a massive oil spill that occurred on March 24, 1989, in Prince William Sound, an inlet in the Gulf of Alaska, Alaska, U.S. The incident happened after an Exxon Corporation tanker, the Exxon Valdez, ran aground on Bligh Reef during a voyage from Valdez, Alaska, to California.

Delayed efforts to contain the spill and naturally strong winds and waves dispersed nearly 41,640 kilolitres of North Slope crude oil across the sound. The spill eventually polluted 2,092 kilometres of indented shoreline, as well as adjacent waters, as far south as the southern end of Shelikof Strait between Kodiak Island and the Alaska Peninsula. Alaska Senator Ted Stevens emerged as a strong proponent of securing federal funds to pay for the damage. Thousands of workers and volunteers helped to clean up after the oil spill, and Exxon provided $2.1 billion in funding. Despite these cleanup efforts, the spill exterminated much native wildlife, including salmon, herring, sea otters, bald eagles, and killer whales.

The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) eventually assigned most of the blame for the oil spill to Exxon, citing its incompetent and overworked crew. The board also faulted the U.S. Coast Guard for an inadequate system of traffic regulation. After evidence suggested that Joseph J. Hazelwood, the ship’s captain, had been drinking before the accident, Exxon terminated his employment. In 1990 the U.S. Congress passed the Oil Pollution Act in direct response to the Exxon Valdez accident. Among other measures, the act created procedures for responding to future oil spills, established the legal liabilities of responsible parties, and set a schedule for banning single-hulled tankers from U.S. waters by 2015.

The ship Exxon Valdez itself was repaired and returned to service but was legally prohibited by a clause in the Oil Pollution Act from ever reentering Prince William Sound. Recommissioned the Exxon Mediterranean, it worked the Mediterranean Sea until single-hulled vessels were banned from European waters. In 2008 it was converted by a Hong Kong company to an ore carrier, and in 2012, under the name Oriental Nicety, it was sold for scrapping in Alang, India.

3. According to the second paragraph, the cleanup effort included-

החלק הבא כולל קטע קריאה, ואחריו שאלות הקשורות אליו. בכל שאלה, בחרו את התשובה מתאימה ביותר בהתבסס על קטע הקריאה. 

This part consists of a reading passage, followed by several related question. For each question, choose the most appropriate answer based on the text.

Exxon Valdez oil spill is a massive oil spill that occurred on March 24, 1989, in Prince William Sound, an inlet in the Gulf of Alaska, Alaska, U.S. The incident happened after an Exxon Corporation tanker, the Exxon Valdez, ran aground on Bligh Reef during a voyage from Valdez, Alaska, to California.

Delayed efforts to contain the spill and naturally strong winds and waves dispersed nearly 41,640 kilolitres of North Slope crude oil across the sound. The spill eventually polluted 2,092 kilometres of indented shoreline, as well as adjacent waters, as far south as the southern end of Shelikof Strait between Kodiak Island and the Alaska Peninsula. Alaska Senator Ted Stevens emerged as a strong proponent of securing federal funds to pay for the damage. Thousands of workers and volunteers helped to clean up after the oil spill, and Exxon provided $2.1 billion in funding. Despite these cleanup efforts, the spill exterminated much native wildlife, including salmon, herring, sea otters, bald eagles, and killer whales.

The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) eventually assigned most of the blame for the oil spill to Exxon, citing its incompetent and overworked crew. The board also faulted the U.S. Coast Guard for an inadequate system of traffic regulation. After evidence suggested that Joseph J. Hazelwood, the ship’s captain, had been drinking before the accident, Exxon terminated his employment. In 1990 the U.S. Congress passed the Oil Pollution Act in direct response to the Exxon Valdez accident. Among other measures, the act created procedures for responding to future oil spills, established the legal liabilities of responsible parties, and set a schedule for banning single-hulled tankers from U.S. waters by 2015.

The ship Exxon Valdez itself was repaired and returned to service but was legally prohibited by a clause in the Oil Pollution Act from ever reentering Prince William Sound. Recommissioned the Exxon Mediterranean, it worked the Mediterranean Sea until single-hulled vessels were banned from European waters. In 2008 it was converted by a Hong Kong company to an ore carrier, and in 2012, under the name Oriental Nicety, it was sold for scrapping in Alang, India.

4. According to the third paragraph, who was at fault for the spill, according to the National Transportation Safety Board?

החלק הבא כולל קטע קריאה, ואחריו שאלות הקשורות אליו. בכל שאלה, בחרו את התשובה מתאימה ביותר בהתבסס על קטע הקריאה. 

This part consists of a reading passage, followed by several related question. For each question, choose the most appropriate answer based on the text.

Exxon Valdez oil spill is a massive oil spill that occurred on March 24, 1989, in Prince William Sound, an inlet in the Gulf of Alaska, Alaska, U.S. The incident happened after an Exxon Corporation tanker, the Exxon Valdez, ran aground on Bligh Reef during a voyage from Valdez, Alaska, to California.

Delayed efforts to contain the spill and naturally strong winds and waves dispersed nearly 41,640 kilolitres of North Slope crude oil across the sound. The spill eventually polluted 2,092 kilometres of indented shoreline, as well as adjacent waters, as far south as the southern end of Shelikof Strait between Kodiak Island and the Alaska Peninsula. Alaska Senator Ted Stevens emerged as a strong proponent of securing federal funds to pay for the damage. Thousands of workers and volunteers helped to clean up after the oil spill, and Exxon provided $2.1 billion in funding. Despite these cleanup efforts, the spill exterminated much native wildlife, including salmon, herring, sea otters, bald eagles, and killer whales.

The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) eventually assigned most of the blame for the oil spill to Exxon, citing its incompetent and overworked crew. The board also faulted the U.S. Coast Guard for an inadequate system of traffic regulation. After evidence suggested that Joseph J. Hazelwood, the ship’s captain, had been drinking before the accident, Exxon terminated his employment. In 1990 the U.S. Congress passed the Oil Pollution Act in direct response to the Exxon Valdez accident. Among other measures, the act created procedures for responding to future oil spills, established the legal liabilities of responsible parties, and set a schedule for banning single-hulled tankers from U.S. waters by 2015.

The ship Exxon Valdez itself was repaired and returned to service but was legally prohibited by a clause in the Oil Pollution Act from ever reentering Prince William Sound. Recommissioned the Exxon Mediterranean, it worked the Mediterranean Sea until single-hulled vessels were banned from European waters. In 2008 it was converted by a Hong Kong company to an ore carrier, and in 2012, under the name Oriental Nicety, it was sold for scrapping in Alang, India.

5. According to the third paragraph, what did the Oil Pollution Act create?

החלק הבא כולל קטע קריאה, ואחריו שאלות הקשורות אליו. בכל שאלה, בחרו את התשובה מתאימה ביותר בהתבסס על קטע הקריאה. 

This part consists of a reading passage, followed by several related question. For each question, choose the most appropriate answer based on the text.

Exxon Valdez oil spill is a massive oil spill that occurred on March 24, 1989, in Prince William Sound, an inlet in the Gulf of Alaska, Alaska, U.S. The incident happened after an Exxon Corporation tanker, the Exxon Valdez, ran aground on Bligh Reef during a voyage from Valdez, Alaska, to California.

Delayed efforts to contain the spill and naturally strong winds and waves dispersed nearly 41,640 kilolitres of North Slope crude oil across the sound. The spill eventually polluted 2,092 kilometres of indented shoreline, as well as adjacent waters, as far south as the southern end of Shelikof Strait between Kodiak Island and the Alaska Peninsula. Alaska Senator Ted Stevens emerged as a strong proponent of securing federal funds to pay for the damage. Thousands of workers and volunteers helped to clean up after the oil spill, and Exxon provided $2.1 billion in funding. Despite these cleanup efforts, the spill exterminated much native wildlife, including salmon, herring, sea otters, bald eagles, and killer whales.

The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) eventually assigned most of the blame for the oil spill to Exxon, citing its incompetent and overworked crew. The board also faulted the U.S. Coast Guard for an inadequate system of traffic regulation. After evidence suggested that Joseph J. Hazelwood, the ship’s captain, had been drinking before the accident, Exxon terminated his employment. In 1990 the U.S. Congress passed the Oil Pollution Act in direct response to the Exxon Valdez accident. Among other measures, the act created procedures for responding to future oil spills, established the legal liabilities of responsible parties, and set a schedule for banning single-hulled tankers from U.S. waters by 2015.

The ship Exxon Valdez itself was repaired and returned to service but was legally prohibited by a clause in the Oil Pollution Act from ever reentering Prince William Sound. Recommissioned the Exxon Mediterranean, it worked the Mediterranean Sea until single-hulled vessels were banned from European waters. In 2008 it was converted by a Hong Kong company to an ore carrier, and in 2012, under the name Oriental Nicety, it was sold for scrapping in Alang, India.

6. What happened to the ship Exxon Valdez according to the last paragraph?

החלק הבא כולל קטע קריאה, ואחריו שאלות הקשורות אליו. בכל שאלה, בחרו את התשובה מתאימה ביותר בהתבסס על קטע הקריאה. 

This part consists of a reading passage, followed by several related question. For each question, choose the most appropriate answer based on the text.

At the onset of World War I, several factories were established across the United States to produce watches and military dials painted with a material containing radium, a radioactive element that glows in the dark. Radium had been discovered just 20 years earlier by French physicists Marie Curie and Pierre Curie, and its properties were not well known. 

Hundreds of young women were hired for the well-paying painting jobs because their small hands were well suited for the exacting, detailed work. When they asked about radium’s safety, they were assured by their managers that they had nothing to worry about. Of course, that wasn’t true. Radium can be extremely dangerous, especially with repeated exposure. Marie Curie suffered radiation burns while handling it, and she eventually died from radiation exposure. Other researchers also perished. 

It wasn’t long before the “Radium Girls” began to experience the physical ravages of their exposure. In growing numbers, the Radium Girls became deathly ill, experiencing many agonizing symptoms. For two years their employer vehemently denied any connection between the girls’ deaths and their work. Facing a downturn in business because of the growing controversy, the company finally commissioned an independent study of the matter, which concluded that the painters had died from the effects of radium exposure. Refusing to accept the report’s findings, the company had additional studies done that came to the opposite conclusion. The public continued to assume that radium was safe. 

In 1925 a pathologist named Harrison Martland developed a test that proved conclusively that radium had poisoned the watch painters. The radium industry tried to discredit Martland’s findings, but the Radium Girls themselves fought back. In 1927 attorney Raymond Berry agreed to accept their case. Their experiences made the issue of radium safety a front-page story across the world. But, even then, the United States Radium Corp. denied its role, and women continued to get sick and die. It wasn’t until 1938, when a dying radium worker named Catherine Wolfe Donohue successfully sued the Radium Dial Co. over her illness, that the issue was finally settled. 

The legacy of the Radium Girls can’t be understated. Their case was among the first in which a company was held responsible for the health and safety of its employees, and it led to a variety of reforms as well as to the creation of the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration.

1. According to the first paragraph, at the onset of World War I, radium was used-

החלק הבא כולל קטע קריאה, ואחריו שאלות הקשורות אליו. בכל שאלה, בחרו את התשובה מתאימה ביותר בהתבסס על קטע הקריאה. 

This part consists of a reading passage, followed by several related question. For each question, choose the most appropriate answer based on the text.

At the onset of World War I, several factories were established across the United States to produce watches and military dials painted with a material containing radium, a radioactive element that glows in the dark. Radium had been discovered just 20 years earlier by French physicists Marie Curie and Pierre Curie, and its properties were not well known. 

Hundreds of young women were hired for the well-paying painting jobs because their small hands were well suited for the exacting, detailed work. When they asked about radium’s safety, they were assured by their managers that they had nothing to worry about. Of course, that wasn’t true. Radium can be extremely dangerous, especially with repeated exposure. Marie Curie suffered radiation burns while handling it, and she eventually died from radiation exposure. Other researchers also perished. 

It wasn’t long before the “Radium Girls” began to experience the physical ravages of their exposure. In growing numbers, the Radium Girls became deathly ill, experiencing many agonizing symptoms. For two years their employer vehemently denied any connection between the girls’ deaths and their work. Facing a downturn in business because of the growing controversy, the company finally commissioned an independent study of the matter, which concluded that the painters had died from the effects of radium exposure. Refusing to accept the report’s findings, the company had additional studies done that came to the opposite conclusion. The public continued to assume that radium was safe. 

In 1925 a pathologist named Harrison Martland developed a test that proved conclusively that radium had poisoned the watch painters. The radium industry tried to discredit Martland’s findings, but the Radium Girls themselves fought back. In 1927 attorney Raymond Berry agreed to accept their case. Their experiences made the issue of radium safety a front-page story across the world. But, even then, the United States Radium Corp. denied its role, and women continued to get sick and die. It wasn’t until 1938, when a dying radium worker named Catherine Wolfe Donohue successfully sued the Radium Dial Co. over her illness, that the issue was finally settled. 

The legacy of the Radium Girls can’t be understated. Their case was among the first in which a company was held responsible for the health and safety of its employees, and it led to a variety of reforms as well as to the creation of the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration.

2. According to the second paragraph, why were young women hired by the factories?

החלק הבא כולל קטע קריאה, ואחריו שאלות הקשורות אליו. בכל שאלה, בחרו את התשובה מתאימה ביותר בהתבסס על קטע הקריאה. 

This part consists of a reading passage, followed by several related question. For each question, choose the most appropriate answer based on the text.

At the onset of World War I, several factories were established across the United States to produce watches and military dials painted with a material containing radium, a radioactive element that glows in the dark. Radium had been discovered just 20 years earlier by French physicists Marie Curie and Pierre Curie, and its properties were not well known. 

Hundreds of young women were hired for the well-paying painting jobs because their small hands were well suited for the exacting, detailed work. When they asked about radium’s safety, they were assured by their managers that they had nothing to worry about. Of course, that wasn’t true. Radium can be extremely dangerous, especially with repeated exposure. Marie Curie suffered radiation burns while handling it, and she eventually died from radiation exposure. Other researchers also perished. 

It wasn’t long before the “Radium Girls” began to experience the physical ravages of their exposure. In growing numbers, the Radium Girls became deathly ill, experiencing many agonizing symptoms. For two years their employer vehemently denied any connection between the girls’ deaths and their work. Facing a downturn in business because of the growing controversy, the company finally commissioned an independent study of the matter, which concluded that the painters had died from the effects of radium exposure. Refusing to accept the report’s findings, the company had additional studies done that came to the opposite conclusion. The public continued to assume that radium was safe. 

In 1925 a pathologist named Harrison Martland developed a test that proved conclusively that radium had poisoned the watch painters. The radium industry tried to discredit Martland’s findings, but the Radium Girls themselves fought back. In 1927 attorney Raymond Berry agreed to accept their case. Their experiences made the issue of radium safety a front-page story across the world. But, even then, the United States Radium Corp. denied its role, and women continued to get sick and die. It wasn’t until 1938, when a dying radium worker named Catherine Wolfe Donohue successfully sued the Radium Dial Co. over her illness, that the issue was finally settled. 

The legacy of the Radium Girls can’t be understated. Their case was among the first in which a company was held responsible for the health and safety of its employees, and it led to a variety of reforms as well as to the creation of the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration.

3. According to the third paragraph, why is radium extremely dangerous?

החלק הבא כולל קטע קריאה, ואחריו שאלות הקשורות אליו. בכל שאלה, בחרו את התשובה מתאימה ביותר בהתבסס על קטע הקריאה. 

This part consists of a reading passage, followed by several related question. For each question, choose the most appropriate answer based on the text.

At the onset of World War I, several factories were established across the United States to produce watches and military dials painted with a material containing radium, a radioactive element that glows in the dark. Radium had been discovered just 20 years earlier by French physicists Marie Curie and Pierre Curie, and its properties were not well known. 

Hundreds of young women were hired for the well-paying painting jobs because their small hands were well suited for the exacting, detailed work. When they asked about radium’s safety, they were assured by their managers that they had nothing to worry about. Of course, that wasn’t true. Radium can be extremely dangerous, especially with repeated exposure. Marie Curie suffered radiation burns while handling it, and she eventually died from radiation exposure. Other researchers also perished. 

It wasn’t long before the “Radium Girls” began to experience the physical ravages of their exposure. In growing numbers, the Radium Girls became deathly ill, experiencing many agonizing symptoms. For two years their employer vehemently denied any connection between the girls’ deaths and their work. Facing a downturn in business because of the growing controversy, the company finally commissioned an independent study of the matter, which concluded that the painters had died from the effects of radium exposure. Refusing to accept the report’s findings, the company had additional studies done that came to the opposite conclusion. The public continued to assume that radium was safe. 

In 1925 a pathologist named Harrison Martland developed a test that proved conclusively that radium had poisoned the watch painters. The radium industry tried to discredit Martland’s findings, but the Radium Girls themselves fought back. In 1927 attorney Raymond Berry agreed to accept their case. Their experiences made the issue of radium safety a front-page story across the world. But, even then, the United States Radium Corp. denied its role, and women continued to get sick and die. It wasn’t until 1938, when a dying radium worker named Catherine Wolfe Donohue successfully sued the Radium Dial Co. over her illness, that the issue was finally settled. 

The legacy of the Radium Girls can’t be understated. Their case was among the first in which a company was held responsible for the health and safety of its employees, and it led to a variety of reforms as well as to the creation of the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration.

4. According to the third paragraph, what made the company finally conduct independent study on the illness and deaths of the radium girls?

החלק הבא כולל קטע קריאה, ואחריו שאלות הקשורות אליו. בכל שאלה, בחרו את התשובה מתאימה ביותר בהתבסס על קטע הקריאה. 

This part consists of a reading passage, followed by several related question. For each question, choose the most appropriate answer based on the text.

At the onset of World War I, several factories were established across the United States to produce watches and military dials painted with a material containing radium, a radioactive element that glows in the dark. Radium had been discovered just 20 years earlier by French physicists Marie Curie and Pierre Curie, and its properties were not well known. 

Hundreds of young women were hired for the well-paying painting jobs because their small hands were well suited for the exacting, detailed work. When they asked about radium’s safety, they were assured by their managers that they had nothing to worry about. Of course, that wasn’t true. Radium can be extremely dangerous, especially with repeated exposure. Marie Curie suffered radiation burns while handling it, and she eventually died from radiation exposure. Other researchers also perished. 

It wasn’t long before the “Radium Girls” began to experience the physical ravages of their exposure. In growing numbers, the Radium Girls became deathly ill, experiencing many agonizing symptoms. For two years their employer vehemently denied any connection between the girls’ deaths and their work. Facing a downturn in business because of the growing controversy, the company finally commissioned an independent study of the matter, which concluded that the painters had died from the effects of radium exposure. Refusing to accept the report’s findings, the company had additional studies done that came to the opposite conclusion. The public continued to assume that radium was safe. 

In 1925 a pathologist named Harrison Martland developed a test that proved conclusively that radium had poisoned the watch painters. The radium industry tried to discredit Martland’s findings, but the Radium Girls themselves fought back. In 1927 attorney Raymond Berry agreed to accept their case. Their experiences made the issue of radium safety a front-page story across the world. But, even then, the United States Radium Corp. denied its role, and women continued to get sick and die. It wasn’t until 1938, when a dying radium worker named Catherine Wolfe Donohue successfully sued the Radium Dial Co. over her illness, that the issue was finally settled. 

The legacy of the Radium Girls can’t be understated. Their case was among the first in which a company was held responsible for the health and safety of its employees, and it led to a variety of reforms as well as to the creation of the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration.

5. According to the fourth paragraph, what settled the issue of the radium safety finally settle?

החלק הבא כולל קטע קריאה, ואחריו שאלות הקשורות אליו. בכל שאלה, בחרו את התשובה מתאימה ביותר בהתבסס על קטע הקריאה. 

This part consists of a reading passage, followed by several related question. For each question, choose the most appropriate answer based on the text.

At the onset of World War I, several factories were established across the United States to produce watches and military dials painted with a material containing radium, a radioactive element that glows in the dark. Radium had been discovered just 20 years earlier by French physicists Marie Curie and Pierre Curie, and its properties were not well known. 

Hundreds of young women were hired for the well-paying painting jobs because their small hands were well suited for the exacting, detailed work. When they asked about radium’s safety, they were assured by their managers that they had nothing to worry about. Of course, that wasn’t true. Radium can be extremely dangerous, especially with repeated exposure. Marie Curie suffered radiation burns while handling it, and she eventually died from radiation exposure. Other researchers also perished. 

It wasn’t long before the “Radium Girls” began to experience the physical ravages of their exposure. In growing numbers, the Radium Girls became deathly ill, experiencing many agonizing symptoms. For two years their employer vehemently denied any connection between the girls’ deaths and their work. Facing a downturn in business because of the growing controversy, the company finally commissioned an independent study of the matter, which concluded that the painters had died from the effects of radium exposure. Refusing to accept the report’s findings, the company had additional studies done that came to the opposite conclusion. The public continued to assume that radium was safe. 

In 1925 a pathologist named Harrison Martland developed a test that proved conclusively that radium had poisoned the watch painters. The radium industry tried to discredit Martland’s findings, but the Radium Girls themselves fought back. In 1927 attorney Raymond Berry agreed to accept their case. Their experiences made the issue of radium safety a front-page story across the world. But, even then, the United States Radium Corp. denied its role, and women continued to get sick and die. It wasn’t until 1938, when a dying radium worker named Catherine Wolfe Donohue successfully sued the Radium Dial Co. over her illness, that the issue was finally settled. 

The legacy of the Radium Girls can’t be understated. Their case was among the first in which a company was held responsible for the health and safety of its employees, and it led to a variety of reforms as well as to the creation of the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration.

6. According to the last paragraph, why is the legacy of the Radium Girls so important?