תרגול ניסוח מחדש חלק א 2

החלק הבא כולל קטע קריאה, ואחריו שאלות הקשורות אליו. בכל שאלה, בחרו את התשובה מתאימה ביותר בהתבסס על קטע הקריאה. 

This part consists of a reading passage, followed by several related question. For each question, choose the most appropriate answer based on the text.

The Gold Rush, one of the most significant events in American history, had a surprising start- in 1848 Swiss immigrant John Sutter was building a water-powered sawmill along the American River in Coloma, California. On January 24, his carpenter, James W. Marshall, found something that made his “heart thump”—flakes of gold in a streambed. The two men hoped to keep the discovery a secret, but word soon began to spread. On December 5, 1848, Pres. James K. Polk confirmed the news, and what had been a steady trickle of gold seekers now became a stampede. As one newspaper noted, the discovery had “set the public mind almost on the highway to insanity.” 

The Gold Rush sparked an unprecedented mass migration in the U.S. At the time of the discovery, the California territory’s population was approximately 160,000, the vast majority of whom were Native Americans. By August 1848, 4,000 gold miners had arrived in the area, and within a year about 80,000 “forty-niners” (as the fortune seekers of 1849 were called) had reached the California goldfields. By 1853 their numbers had grown to 250,000. Two years later, some 300,000 fortune seekers were estimated to have settled in California. While many were Americans, a significant number were from China, Europe, and South America.

The numbers were even more incredible given the arduous journeys the gold seekers undertook. While they might have been on the “highway to insanity,” there were no actual highways. Instead, most had to endure dangerous hikes or ocean voyages—and sometimes both. From the east, prospectors sailed around Cape Horn—which could take up to six months, during which time they faced possible shipwreck and little food. Others sailed to Panama, where they disembarked and then risked disease hiking across the Isthmus of Panama to catch a ship on the Pacific Ocean. The hardiest took the 2,000-mile (3,220-km) overland route, on which cholera outbreaks were common and deadly.

Although the Gold Rush ended in the late 1850s, it had a lasting effect on California and the U.S. The westward migration continued, with the Golden State taking on great importance. The rush hastened statehood for the territory in 1850, and many of its cities saw their fortunes rise, notably San Francisco.

1. According to the first paragraph, the Gold Rush had a “surprising start” because-

החלק הבא כולל קטע קריאה, ואחריו שאלות הקשורות אליו. בכל שאלה, בחרו את התשובה מתאימה ביותר בהתבסס על קטע הקריאה. 

This part consists of a reading passage, followed by several related question. For each question, choose the most appropriate answer based on the text.

The Gold Rush, one of the most significant events in American history, had a surprising start- in 1848 Swiss immigrant John Sutter was building a water-powered sawmill along the American River in Coloma, California. On January 24, his carpenter, James W. Marshall, found something that made his “heart thump”—flakes of gold in a streambed. The two men hoped to keep the discovery a secret, but word soon began to spread. On December 5, 1848, Pres. James K. Polk confirmed the news, and what had been a steady trickle of gold seekers now became a stampede. As one newspaper noted, the discovery had “set the public mind almost on the highway to insanity.” 

The Gold Rush sparked an unprecedented mass migration in the U.S. At the time of the discovery, the California territory’s population was approximately 160,000, the vast majority of whom were Native Americans. By August 1848, 4,000 gold miners had arrived in the area, and within a year about 80,000 “forty-niners” (as the fortune seekers of 1849 were called) had reached the California goldfields. By 1853 their numbers had grown to 250,000. Two years later, some 300,000 fortune seekers were estimated to have settled in California. While many were Americans, a significant number were from China, Europe, and South America.

The numbers were even more incredible given the arduous journeys the gold seekers undertook. While they might have been on the “highway to insanity,” there were no actual highways. Instead, most had to endure dangerous hikes or ocean voyages—and sometimes both. From the east, prospectors sailed around Cape Horn—which could take up to six months, during which time they faced possible shipwreck and little food. Others sailed to Panama, where they disembarked and then risked disease hiking across the Isthmus of Panama to catch a ship on the Pacific Ocean. The hardiest took the 2,000-mile (3,220-km) overland route, on which cholera outbreaks were common and deadly.

Although the Gold Rush ended in the late 1850s, it had a lasting effect on California and the U.S. The westward migration continued, with the Golden State taking on great importance. The rush hastened statehood for the territory in 1850, and many of its cities saw their fortunes rise, notably San Francisco.

2. In the first paragraph it is said that, the newspaper noted that the discovery had “set the public mind almost on the highway to insanity” to emphasize (answer according to the second paragraph)-

החלק הבא כולל קטע קריאה, ואחריו שאלות הקשורות אליו. בכל שאלה, בחרו את התשובה מתאימה ביותר בהתבסס על קטע הקריאה. 

This part consists of a reading passage, followed by several related question. For each question, choose the most appropriate answer based on the text.

The Gold Rush, one of the most significant events in American history, had a surprising start- in 1848 Swiss immigrant John Sutter was building a water-powered sawmill along the American River in Coloma, California. On January 24, his carpenter, James W. Marshall, found something that made his “heart thump”—flakes of gold in a streambed. The two men hoped to keep the discovery a secret, but word soon began to spread. On December 5, 1848, Pres. James K. Polk confirmed the news, and what had been a steady trickle of gold seekers now became a stampede. As one newspaper noted, the discovery had “set the public mind almost on the highway to insanity.” 

The Gold Rush sparked an unprecedented mass migration in the U.S. At the time of the discovery, the California territory’s population was approximately 160,000, the vast majority of whom were Native Americans. By August 1848, 4,000 gold miners had arrived in the area, and within a year about 80,000 “forty-niners” (as the fortune seekers of 1849 were called) had reached the California goldfields. By 1853 their numbers had grown to 250,000. Two years later, some 300,000 fortune seekers were estimated to have settled in California. While many were Americans, a significant number were from China, Europe, and South America.

The numbers were even more incredible given the arduous journeys the gold seekers undertook. While they might have been on the “highway to insanity,” there were no actual highways. Instead, most had to endure dangerous hikes or ocean voyages—and sometimes both. From the east, prospectors sailed around Cape Horn—which could take up to six months, during which time they faced possible shipwreck and little food. Others sailed to Panama, where they disembarked and then risked disease hiking across the Isthmus of Panama to catch a ship on the Pacific Ocean. The hardiest took the 2,000-mile (3,220-km) overland route, on which cholera outbreaks were common and deadly.

Although the Gold Rush ended in the late 1850s, it had a lasting effect on California and the U.S. The westward migration continued, with the Golden State taking on great importance. The rush hastened statehood for the territory in 1850, and many of its cities saw their fortunes rise, notably San Francisco.

3. In the third paragraph, dangerous hikes, ocean voyages, and sometimes both, are given as examples of-

החלק הבא כולל קטע קריאה, ואחריו שאלות הקשורות אליו. בכל שאלה, בחרו את התשובה מתאימה ביותר בהתבסס על קטע הקריאה. 

This part consists of a reading passage, followed by several related question. For each question, choose the most appropriate answer based on the text.

The Gold Rush, one of the most significant events in American history, had a surprising start- in 1848 Swiss immigrant John Sutter was building a water-powered sawmill along the American River in Coloma, California. On January 24, his carpenter, James W. Marshall, found something that made his “heart thump”—flakes of gold in a streambed. The two men hoped to keep the discovery a secret, but word soon began to spread. On December 5, 1848, Pres. James K. Polk confirmed the news, and what had been a steady trickle of gold seekers now became a stampede. As one newspaper noted, the discovery had “set the public mind almost on the highway to insanity.” 

The Gold Rush sparked an unprecedented mass migration in the U.S. At the time of the discovery, the California territory’s population was approximately 160,000, the vast majority of whom were Native Americans. By August 1848, 4,000 gold miners had arrived in the area, and within a year about 80,000 “forty-niners” (as the fortune seekers of 1849 were called) had reached the California goldfields. By 1853 their numbers had grown to 250,000. Two years later, some 300,000 fortune seekers were estimated to have settled in California. While many were Americans, a significant number were from China, Europe, and South America.

The numbers were even more incredible given the arduous journeys the gold seekers undertook. While they might have been on the “highway to insanity,” there were no actual highways. Instead, most had to endure dangerous hikes or ocean voyages—and sometimes both. From the east, prospectors sailed around Cape Horn—which could take up to six months, during which time they faced possible shipwreck and little food. Others sailed to Panama, where they disembarked and then risked disease hiking across the Isthmus of Panama to catch a ship on the Pacific Ocean. The hardiest took the 2,000-mile (3,220-km) overland route, on which cholera outbreaks were common and deadly.

Although the Gold Rush ended in the late 1850s, it had a lasting effect on California and the U.S. The westward migration continued, with the Golden State taking on great importance. The rush hastened statehood for the territory in 1850, and many of its cities saw their fortunes rise, notably San Francisco.

4. What are “the numbers” mentioned at the beginning of the third paragraph referring to?

החלק הבא כולל קטע קריאה, ואחריו שאלות הקשורות אליו. בכל שאלה, בחרו את התשובה מתאימה ביותר בהתבסס על קטע הקריאה. 

This part consists of a reading passage, followed by several related question. For each question, choose the most appropriate answer based on the text.

The Gold Rush, one of the most significant events in American history, had a surprising start- in 1848 Swiss immigrant John Sutter was building a water-powered sawmill along the American River in Coloma, California. On January 24, his carpenter, James W. Marshall, found something that made his “heart thump”—flakes of gold in a streambed. The two men hoped to keep the discovery a secret, but word soon began to spread. On December 5, 1848, Pres. James K. Polk confirmed the news, and what had been a steady trickle of gold seekers now became a stampede. As one newspaper noted, the discovery had “set the public mind almost on the highway to insanity.” 

The Gold Rush sparked an unprecedented mass migration in the U.S. At the time of the discovery, the California territory’s population was approximately 160,000, the vast majority of whom were Native Americans. By August 1848, 4,000 gold miners had arrived in the area, and within a year about 80,000 “forty-niners” (as the fortune seekers of 1849 were called) had reached the California goldfields. By 1853 their numbers had grown to 250,000. Two years later, some 300,000 fortune seekers were estimated to have settled in California. While many were Americans, a significant number were from China, Europe, and South America.

The numbers were even more incredible given the arduous journeys the gold seekers undertook. While they might have been on the “highway to insanity,” there were no actual highways. Instead, most had to endure dangerous hikes or ocean voyages—and sometimes both. From the east, prospectors sailed around Cape Horn—which could take up to six months, during which time they faced possible shipwreck and little food. Others sailed to Panama, where they disembarked and then risked disease hiking across the Isthmus of Panama to catch a ship on the Pacific Ocean. The hardiest took the 2,000-mile (3,220-km) overland route, on which cholera outbreaks were common and deadly.

Although the Gold Rush ended in the late 1850s, it had a lasting effect on California and the U.S. The westward migration continued, with the Golden State taking on great importance. The rush hastened statehood for the territory in 1850, and many of its cities saw their fortunes rise, notably San Francisco.

5. According to the last paragraph, what lasting effect did the Gold Rush have on California and the U.S.A?

החלק הבא כולל קטע קריאה, ואחריו שאלות הקשורות אליו. בכל שאלה, בחרו את התשובה מתאימה ביותר בהתבסס על קטע הקריאה. 

This part consists of a reading passage, followed by several related question. For each question, choose the most appropriate answer based on the text.

The Gold Rush, one of the most significant events in American history, had a surprising start- in 1848 Swiss immigrant John Sutter was building a water-powered sawmill along the American River in Coloma, California. On January 24, his carpenter, James W. Marshall, found something that made his “heart thump”—flakes of gold in a streambed. The two men hoped to keep the discovery a secret, but word soon began to spread. On December 5, 1848, Pres. James K. Polk confirmed the news, and what had been a steady trickle of gold seekers now became a stampede. As one newspaper noted, the discovery had “set the public mind almost on the highway to insanity.” 

The Gold Rush sparked an unprecedented mass migration in the U.S. At the time of the discovery, the California territory’s population was approximately 160,000, the vast majority of whom were Native Americans. By August 1848, 4,000 gold miners had arrived in the area, and within a year about 80,000 “forty-niners” (as the fortune seekers of 1849 were called) had reached the California goldfields. By 1853 their numbers had grown to 250,000. Two years later, some 300,000 fortune seekers were estimated to have settled in California. While many were Americans, a significant number were from China, Europe, and South America.

The numbers were even more incredible given the arduous journeys the gold seekers undertook. While they might have been on the “highway to insanity,” there were no actual highways. Instead, most had to endure dangerous hikes or ocean voyages—and sometimes both. From the east, prospectors sailed around Cape Horn—which could take up to six months, during which time they faced possible shipwreck and little food. Others sailed to Panama, where they disembarked and then risked disease hiking across the Isthmus of Panama to catch a ship on the Pacific Ocean. The hardiest took the 2,000-mile (3,220-km) overland route, on which cholera outbreaks were common and deadly.

Although the Gold Rush ended in the late 1850s, it had a lasting effect on California and the U.S. The westward migration continued, with the Golden State taking on great importance. The rush hastened statehood for the territory in 1850, and many of its cities saw their fortunes rise, notably San Francisco.

6. The main purpose of the passage is to-

החלק הבא כולל קטע קריאה, ואחריו שאלות הקשורות אליו. בכל שאלה, בחרו את התשובה מתאימה ביותר בהתבסס על קטע הקריאה. 

This part consists of a reading passage, followed by several related question. For each question, choose the most appropriate answer based on the text.

Esperanto is an artificial language constructed in 1887 by L.L. Zamenhof, a Polish oculist, and intended for use as an international second language. Zamenhof’s Fundamento de Esperanto, published in 1905, lays down the basic principles of the language’s structure and formation.

Esperanto is relatively simple for Europeans to learn because its words are derived from roots commonly found in the European languages, particularly in the Romance languages. Orthography is phonetic, all words being spelled as pronounced. Grammar is simple and regular; there are characteristic word endings for nouns, adjectives, and verbs. Nouns have no gender and are marked by the ending -o; the plural is indicated by -oj (pronounced -oy), and the objective (accusative) case by -on, plural ojn: amiko “friend,” amikoj “friends,” amikon “friend (accusative),” amikojn “friends (accusative).” There is only one definite article, la (e.g., la amiko “the friend”), and no indefinite article. Adjectives end in -a (e.g., bona amiko “good friend”) and take plural and objective endings to agree with nouns (e.g., la bonaj amikoj estas tie “the good friends are there,” mi havas bonajn amikojn “I have good friends”). Verbs are all regular and have only one form for each tense or mood; they are not inflected for person or number (mi havas, vi havas, ŝi havas, ili havas “I have, you have, she has, they have”). There is an extensive set of suffixes that can be added to word roots to allow various shades of meaning or newly derived forms; compound words are also used.

Esperanto is probably the most successful of the artificial international languages. The number of Esperanto speakers is estimated at more than 100,000. The Universala Esperanto-Asocio (founded 1908) has members in 83 countries, and there are 50 national Esperanto associations and 22 international professional associations that use Esperanto. There is an annual World Esperanto Congress, and more than 100 periodicals are published in the language. More than 30,000 books have been published in Esperanto.

1. According to the first paragraph, what was Zamenhof’s intended use for the language he constructed?

החלק הבא כולל קטע קריאה, ואחריו שאלות הקשורות אליו. בכל שאלה, בחרו את התשובה מתאימה ביותר בהתבסס על קטע הקריאה. 

This part consists of a reading passage, followed by several related question. For each question, choose the most appropriate answer based on the text.

Esperanto is an artificial language constructed in 1887 by L.L. Zamenhof, a Polish oculist, and intended for use as an international second language. Zamenhof’s Fundamento de Esperanto, published in 1905, lays down the basic principles of the language’s structure and formation.

Esperanto is relatively simple for Europeans to learn because its words are derived from roots commonly found in the European languages, particularly in the Romance languages. Orthography is phonetic, all words being spelled as pronounced. Grammar is simple and regular; there are characteristic word endings for nouns, adjectives, and verbs. Nouns have no gender and are marked by the ending -o; the plural is indicated by -oj (pronounced -oy), and the objective (accusative) case by -on, plural ojn: amiko “friend,” amikoj “friends,” amikon “friend (accusative),” amikojn “friends (accusative).” There is only one definite article, la (e.g., la amiko “the friend”), and no indefinite article. Adjectives end in -a (e.g., bona amiko “good friend”) and take plural and objective endings to agree with nouns (e.g., la bonaj amikoj estas tie “the good friends are there,” mi havas bonajn amikojn “I have good friends”). Verbs are all regular and have only one form for each tense or mood; they are not inflected for person or number (mi havas, vi havas, ŝi havas, ili havas “I have, you have, she has, they have”). There is an extensive set of suffixes that can be added to word roots to allow various shades of meaning or newly derived forms; compound words are also used.

Esperanto is probably the most successful of the artificial international languages. The number of Esperanto speakers is estimated at more than 100,000. The Universala Esperanto-Asocio (founded 1908) has members in 83 countries, and there are 50 national Esperanto associations and 22 international professional associations that use Esperanto. There is an annual World Esperanto Congress, and more than 100 periodicals are published in the language. More than 30,000 books have been published in Esperanto.

2. According to the second paragraph, why is it relatively easy for Europeans to learn Esperanto?

החלק הבא כולל קטע קריאה, ואחריו שאלות הקשורות אליו. בכל שאלה, בחרו את התשובה מתאימה ביותר בהתבסס על קטע הקריאה. 

This part consists of a reading passage, followed by several related question. For each question, choose the most appropriate answer based on the text.

Esperanto is an artificial language constructed in 1887 by L.L. Zamenhof, a Polish oculist, and intended for use as an international second language. Zamenhof’s Fundamento de Esperanto, published in 1905, lays down the basic principles of the language’s structure and formation.

Esperanto is relatively simple for Europeans to learn because its words are derived from roots commonly found in the European languages, particularly in the Romance languages. Orthography is phonetic, all words being spelled as pronounced. Grammar is simple and regular; there are characteristic word endings for nouns, adjectives, and verbs. Nouns have no gender and are marked by the ending -o; the plural is indicated by -oj (pronounced -oy), and the objective (accusative) case by -on, plural ojn: amiko “friend,” amikoj “friends,” amikon “friend (accusative),” amikojn “friends (accusative).” There is only one definite article, la (e.g., la amiko “the friend”), and no indefinite article. Adjectives end in -a (e.g., bona amiko “good friend”) and take plural and objective endings to agree with nouns (e.g., la bonaj amikoj estas tie “the good friends are there,” mi havas bonajn amikojn “I have good friends”). Verbs are all regular and have only one form for each tense or mood; they are not inflected for person or number (mi havas, vi havas, ŝi havas, ili havas “I have, you have, she has, they have”). There is an extensive set of suffixes that can be added to word roots to allow various shades of meaning or newly derived forms; compound words are also used.

Esperanto is probably the most successful of the artificial international languages. The number of Esperanto speakers is estimated at more than 100,000. The Universala Esperanto-Asocio (founded 1908) has members in 83 countries, and there are 50 national Esperanto associations and 22 international professional associations that use Esperanto. There is an annual World Esperanto Congress, and more than 100 periodicals are published in the language. More than 30,000 books have been published in Esperanto.

3. In the second paragraph, orthography, grammar, and nouns are some of the examples given to show-

החלק הבא כולל קטע קריאה, ואחריו שאלות הקשורות אליו. בכל שאלה, בחרו את התשובה מתאימה ביותר בהתבסס על קטע הקריאה. 

This part consists of a reading passage, followed by several related question. For each question, choose the most appropriate answer based on the text.

Esperanto is an artificial language constructed in 1887 by L.L. Zamenhof, a Polish oculist, and intended for use as an international second language. Zamenhof’s Fundamento de Esperanto, published in 1905, lays down the basic principles of the language’s structure and formation.

Esperanto is relatively simple for Europeans to learn because its words are derived from roots commonly found in the European languages, particularly in the Romance languages. Orthography is phonetic, all words being spelled as pronounced. Grammar is simple and regular; there are characteristic word endings for nouns, adjectives, and verbs. Nouns have no gender and are marked by the ending -o; the plural is indicated by -oj (pronounced -oy), and the objective (accusative) case by -on, plural ojn: amiko “friend,” amikoj “friends,” amikon “friend (accusative),” amikojn “friends (accusative).” There is only one definite article, la (e.g., la amiko “the friend”), and no indefinite article. Adjectives end in -a (e.g., bona amiko “good friend”) and take plural and objective endings to agree with nouns (e.g., la bonaj amikoj estas tie “the good friends are there,” mi havas bonajn amikojn “I have good friends”). Verbs are all regular and have only one form for each tense or mood; they are not inflected for person or number (mi havas, vi havas, ŝi havas, ili havas “I have, you have, she has, they have”). There is an extensive set of suffixes that can be added to word roots to allow various shades of meaning or newly derived forms; compound words are also used.

Esperanto is probably the most successful of the artificial international languages. The number of Esperanto speakers is estimated at more than 100,000. The Universala Esperanto-Asocio (founded 1908) has members in 83 countries, and there are 50 national Esperanto associations and 22 international professional associations that use Esperanto. There is an annual World Esperanto Congress, and more than 100 periodicals are published in the language. More than 30,000 books have been published in Esperanto.

4. The example given in line 16- “mi havas, vi havas, ŝi havas, ili havas- I have, you have, she has, they have” shows that-

החלק הבא כולל קטע קריאה, ואחריו שאלות הקשורות אליו. בכל שאלה, בחרו את התשובה מתאימה ביותר בהתבסס על קטע הקריאה. 

This part consists of a reading passage, followed by several related question. For each question, choose the most appropriate answer based on the text.

Esperanto is an artificial language constructed in 1887 by L.L. Zamenhof, a Polish oculist, and intended for use as an international second language. Zamenhof’s Fundamento de Esperanto, published in 1905, lays down the basic principles of the language’s structure and formation.

Esperanto is relatively simple for Europeans to learn because its words are derived from roots commonly found in the European languages, particularly in the Romance languages. Orthography is phonetic, all words being spelled as pronounced. Grammar is simple and regular; there are characteristic word endings for nouns, adjectives, and verbs. Nouns have no gender and are marked by the ending -o; the plural is indicated by -oj (pronounced -oy), and the objective (accusative) case by -on, plural ojn: amiko “friend,” amikoj “friends,” amikon “friend (accusative),” amikojn “friends (accusative).” There is only one definite article, la (e.g., la amiko “the friend”), and no indefinite article. Adjectives end in -a (e.g., bona amiko “good friend”) and take plural and objective endings to agree with nouns (e.g., la bonaj amikoj estas tie “the good friends are there,” mi havas bonajn amikojn “I have good friends”). Verbs are all regular and have only one form for each tense or mood; they are not inflected for person or number (mi havas, vi havas, ŝi havas, ili havas “I have, you have, she has, they have”). There is an extensive set of suffixes that can be added to word roots to allow various shades of meaning or newly derived forms; compound words are also used.

Esperanto is probably the most successful of the artificial international languages. The number of Esperanto speakers is estimated at more than 100,000. The Universala Esperanto-Asocio (founded 1908) has members in 83 countries, and there are 50 national Esperanto associations and 22 international professional associations that use Esperanto. There is an annual World Esperanto Congress, and more than 100 periodicals are published in the language. More than 30,000 books have been published in Esperanto.

5. What makes Esperanto probably the most successful artificial language, according to the last paragraph?